• seismic reflector roughly parallel to the seafloor, a few hundred metres below it, cutting across sediment layers
  • marks the base of the gas hydrate (clathrate) stability zone: hydrate-bearing sediment above, free gas below
  • sharp drop in sound speed across it → reflection with reversed polarity relative to the seafloor
  • depth set by pressure and temperature → estimate of the geothermal gradient without drilling
  • moves when bottom water warms or sea level falls → hydrate dissociation, possible slope failure